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This pronunciation varies among different speakers, and is not two different phonemes.
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In each cell below, first the bold letters indicate pinyin, followed in brackets by the symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet.ġ "r" may phonetically be (a voiced retroflex fricative) or (a retroflex approximant). Often these medials are treated as separate from the finals rather than as part of them this convention is followed in the chart of finals below. For example, the medials and are pronounced with such tight openings at the beginning of a final that some native Chinese speakers (especially when singing) pronounce yī ( Hanzi: 衣, clothes, officially pronounced /í/) as /jí/ and wéi ( Hanzi sederhana: 围 Hanzi tradisional: 圍, to enclose, officially pronounced /uěi/) as /wěi/ or /wuěi/. One exception is the city Harbin ( Hanzi sederhana: 哈尔滨 Hanzi tradisional: 哈爾濱), whose name comes from the Manchu language.Įven though most initials contain a consonant, finals are not always simple vowels, especially in compound finals ( Hanzi sederhana: 复韵母 Hanzi tradisional: 複韻母 Pinyin: fuyunmu), i.e., when a "medial" is placed in front of the final. The latter case, though a common practice in some sub-dialects, is rarely used in official publications. Every Mandarin syllable can be spelled with exactly one initial followed by one final, except for the special syllable er or when a trailing -r is considered part of a syllable (see below). Unlike European languages, clusters of letters – initials ( Hanzi sederhana: 声母 Hanzi tradisional: 聲母 Pinyin: shēngmǔ) and finals ( Hanzi sederhana: 韵母 Hanzi tradisional: 韻母 Pinyin: yùnmǔ) – and not consonant and vowel letters, form the fundamental elements in pinyin (and most other phonetic systems used to describe the Han language). Semua konsonan dapat diberi bunyi "i", kecuali "zh", "ch", "sh", "r", dan "z", "c", "s".-ian dibaca -ién, kecuali jika dipisah tanda petik tunggal, mis: xian (/sién/) vs.-un dibaca -uên, tetapi -ün tidak dibaca -üên, melainkan tetap -ün.zi ci si (dibaca: ce je se z dibaca c, c dibaca j, huruf i di belakang z/c/s dibaca e)īeberapa perbedaan antara penulisan pinyin dengan pengejaan dalam bahasa Indonesia:.zhi chi shi ri (dibaca: che jhe she re zh dibaca ch, ch dibaca jh, huruf i di belakang zh/ch/sh/r dibaca e).
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